16 results
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
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- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Older men and older women remand prisoners: mental illness, physical illness, offending patterns and needs
- Mary Davoren, Mary Fitzpatrick, Fintan Caddow, Martin Caddow, Conor O’Neill, Helen O’Neill, Harry G. Kennedy
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- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 27 / Issue 5 / May 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 November 2014, pp. 747-755
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Background:
Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in most countries. They have high rates of physical and psychiatric co-morbidity, compared to community dwelling older persons and also compared with other prisoner groups. Very high rates of mental illness have been found in remand (pre-trial) prisoners when compared with other prisoner groups; however to date there have been no studies examining older male and female remand prisoners.
Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted of all remands, to a male and a female prison, over a six and half-year period. Demographic data were collected pertaining to psychiatric and medical diagnoses and seriousness of offending.
Results:We found rising numbers of older prisoners amongst male remand prisoners. Older remand prisoners had very high rates of affective disorder and alcohol misuse. They had rates of psychotic illnesses and deliberate self-harm comparable to younger remand prisoners. High rates of vulnerability were found among older prisoners and older prisoners had a greater need for general medical and psychiatric services than younger prisoners. We also found comparable offending patterns with younger prisoners and high rates of sexual offending among the older male prisoner group.
Conclusions:Given the ageing population of many countries it is likely the numbers of older prisoners will continue to grow and given their high levels of both physical and psychiatric illness this will have implications for future service delivery.
Associations between childhood trauma, bullying and psychotic symptoms among a school-based adolescent sample
- Ian Kelleher, Michelle Harley, Fionnuala Lynch, Louise Arseneault, Carol Fitzpatrick, Mary Cannon
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 193 / Issue 5 / November 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 378-382
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- November 2008
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Background
Children and adolescents who report psychotic symptoms appear to be at increased risk for psychotic disorders in adulthood – a putative ‘symptomatic’ high-risk group. However, little research has investigated whether those in this high-risk population have increased rates of exposure to traumatic events in childhood, as seen in patients who have a psychotic illness.
AimsTo examine whether adolescents with psychotic symptoms have an increased rate of traumatic experiences.
MethodPsychiatric interviews were carried out with 211 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years and their parents as part of a population-based study. The interview enquired about a number of early traumatic events including physical and sexual abuse, exposure to domestic violence and bullying.
ResultsFourteen adolescents (6.6% of those interviewed) reported experiencing at least one psychotic symptom. Adolescents who reported psychotic symptoms were significantly more likely to have been physically abused in childhood, to have been exposed to domestic violence and to be identified as a bully/victim (that is, both a perpetrator and victim of bullying) than those who did not report such symptoms. These findings were not confounded by comorbid psychiatric illness or family history of psychiatric history.
ConclusionsOur findings suggest that childhood trauma may increase the risk of psychotic experiences. The characteristics of bully/victims deserve further study.
Stimulant medication in ADHD: what do children and their parents say?
- Catherine McElearney, Carol Fitzpatrick, Niamh Farrell, Mary King, Bryan Lynch
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- Journal:
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 22 / Issue 1 / March 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2014, pp. 5-9
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- March 2005
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Objectives: The prescription of stimulant medication to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder remains topical. Few reports target children's views about taking long-term medication. The aim was to assess child and parent views of stimulant medication. To compare attitudes to medication between two groups of children, those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder taking stimulant medication and those with epilepsy taking anti-epileptic medication.
Method: Forty children (n = 40) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on stimulant medication, and 40 children (n = 40) with epilepsy on anti-epileptic medication formed the study population. A semi-structured interview was carried out with each child and parent. Each parent completed the Dosage and Side-effects Questionnaire and the Attitude to Medication Questionnaire. Each child completed the Attitude to Medication Questionnaire.
Results: Sixty per cent of children (n = 24) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 62.5% (n = 25) of those with epilepsy knew the name and purpose of their medication. Forty per cent (n = 16) of children in the stimulant group and 32.5% (n = 13) in the anti-epileptic group reported themselves as being non-compliant with medication. In both groups children reported positive aspects to taking medication. More children with epilepsy reported negative aspects. Only 32.5% (n = 13) of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder said that they would tell a friend about their medication, while 55% (n = 22) of the children with epilepsy indicated that they would do so. In both groups parents were better informed than their children were about the purpose of the medication. Parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder tended to be more positive about medication than their children and than the parents in the comparison group.
Conclusions: The majority of children and their parents express positive views about the stimulant medication. Children's views about medication compliance and side-effects should be sought, as they may differ significantly from those of their parents. Where parents have noticed positive changes, but children have not, this information can be used therapeutically to help children feel more in control of their behaviour.
Stability and Change in Relationships
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, Harry T. Reis, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002
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Understanding interpersonal relationships requires understanding actors, behaviors, and contexts. This 2002 volume presents research from a variety of disciplines that examine personal relationships on all three levels. The first section focuses on the factors that influence individuals to enter, maintain, and dissolve relationships. The second section emphasizes ongoing processes that characterize relationships and focuses on issues such as arguing and sacrificing. The third and final section demonstrates that the process of stability and change are embedded in social, cultural, and historical contexts. Chapters address cultural universals as well as cross-cultural differences in relationship behaviors and outcomes. The emergence of relational forms, such as the interaction between people and computers, is also explored. Stability and Change in Relationships will be of interest to a broad range of fields, including psychology, sociology, communications, gerontology, and counselling.
Contents
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, University of Texas, Austin, Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Stability and Change in Relationships
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002, pp vii-viii
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Contributors
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, University of Texas, Austin, Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Stability and Change in Relationships
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002, pp ix-x
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Author Index
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, University of Texas, Austin, Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Stability and Change in Relationships
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002, pp 355-369
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Preface
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, University of Texas, Austin, Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Stability and Change in Relationships
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002, pp xi-xvi
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Summary
When people think about personal relationships, questions about stability and change jump into mind. An individual's behavior in current relationships is often explained by invoking similar relationships from the past. Feelings about one's present-day relationships reflect not so much current circumstances as the manner in which those circumstances are perceived to have improved or deteriorated. Hopes, fears, fantasies, and goals for future relationships tend not to be conceived in a vacuum, but rather are couched in terms of the present and the past. Among the most common questions that we, as relationship researchers, get from our acquaintances and students are questions about how to avoid repeating the mistakes and misfortunes of past relationships in subsequent relationships (which probably accounts for the widespread appeal of this same question in popular media).
The compelling interest in questions about stability and change evidenced by the lay public is matched by researchers interested in the scientific study of personal relationships. It is not surprising, therefore, that when the International Society for the Study of Personal Relationships decided to sponsor a series of edited volumes on timely, cuttingedge theory and research, continuity and change in personal relationships were identified as a preeminent issue. The chapters collected in this volume testify to the intellectual vigor with which scholars have sought to unravel the complex processes and associations that contribute to relationship stability and change.
PART ONE - ACTORS: THE SCAFFOLDING OF STABILITY AND CHANGE
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, University of Texas, Austin, Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Stability and Change in Relationships
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002, pp 1-4
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Summary
A scaffold is a temporary structure built to support workers as they erect a new structure, or repair, reinforce, or demolish an existing one. Individuals and their distinctive personalities, emotions, and cognitions provide the scaffolding for change and stability in relationships. There is a continually evolving dynamic association between the factors that characterize individuals and those that define their relationships. The mental models, emotional history, and personality that individuals bring to their relationships create a context that promotes certain relational outcomes while discouraging others; these outcomes, in turn, affect the actors' personal qualities in numerous respects. Although the term “personality” is difficult to define, several contemporary approaches emphasize the characteristics that facilitate individuals' adaptation to the environment. Adapting to the social environment is, of course, one of life's most important and challenging tasks. Thus, studies of those dimensions of personality – and their manifestations in thoughts, feelings, and behavior – that regulate interpersonal relationships are likely to provide important insights into the processes of stability and change. The growing evidence that many genetically determined individual differences are designed to address common adaptive situations faced during human evolution (which, of course, prominently included interpersonal situations), and that other genetic differences interact with features of the environment in shaping the individual, testifies to the centrality of relationship-relevant personality factors in studying the processes of stability and change.
People's understanding of relationships is best considered as a work in progress, amenable to revision by experience, especially experience in current relationships.
PART TWO - BEHAVIORS: THE PROCESSES OF STABILITY AND CHANGE
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, University of Texas, Austin, Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Stability and Change in Relationships
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002, pp 103-106
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Summary
Relationships, as defined by Robert Hinde (1979), consist of “intermittent interaction between two people, involving interchanges over an extended period of time.” This definition highlights the importance of examining the behaviors that comprise social interaction, as well as the cognitive and emotional processes that underlie and give meaning to these behaviors. The chapters in this section explore processes involved in interaction between relationship partners and the effects of these processes. Although often bypassed by researchers who instead focus on partners' self-reported affects and cognitions, behavior is nevertheless the linchpin of the relational system because it is through the processes of interacting and communicating that individuals relate to each other. Communication, one class of interaction behavior with special importance for ongoing relationships, is emphasized in several chapters. As readers will see, although all communication is behavior, not all behavior involves communication.
In the first chapter, Roloff and Johnson offer a new twist on an oftstudied behavior: arguing. They begin by noting that although researchers typically treat couples' arguments as limited in scope and duration, many arguments reoccur and may extend over lengthy intervals. These extended conflict episodes are referred to as “serial arguments.” Drawing on previous research to theorize about the antecedents and consequences of serial arguing, Roloff and Johnson lay a foundation for further studies by first defining serial arguments and then explicating their key elements. The authors' careful synthesis of the literature demonstrates the value of examining stability and change in couples' disagreements.
PART THREE - CONTEXTS: SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR STABILITY AND CHANGE
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, University of Texas, Austin, Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Stability and Change in Relationships
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002, pp 255-256
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Summary
To fully understand personal relationships, one must attend to the context in which those relationships exist. Context, as we use this term, includes both proximal factors – i.e., the larger social network in which the dyadic relationship is embedded – and distal factors – i.e., cultural-historical factors that influence the dyad. The impact of the former, although commonly noted, is seldom investigated. It is readily apparent, however, that dyadic relationships rarely, if ever, exist in a social vacuum; instead, they are linked to wider social networks by virtue of the partners' participation in multiple dyadic relationships. As for the latter, only recently have relationship researchers begun to consider the moderating role that cultural-historical contexts may play. Some of this impact is based on technological innovation. For example, advances in medicine and social hygiene throughout the twentieth century (e.g., birth control, standards of gynecological care that allow women to enjoy sexual intercourse without pain) have radically altered the nature of sexuality in relationships. Similarly, developments in communication technology, beginning with the telephone and extending more recently to the Internet, afford opportunities to maintain and even initiate relationships without or with limited face-to-face contact.
Sprecher, Felmlee, Orbuch, and Willetts begin this section by making a strong case for the importance of social networks and their influence on personal (dyadic) relationships. After reviewing prior work, these authors offer a detailed, far-reaching analysis of how and why network processes may influence stability and change in premarital, marital, and other committed relationships.
Frontmatter
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, University of Texas, Austin, Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Stability and Change in Relationships
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002, pp i-vi
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Subject Index
- Edited by Anita L. Vangelisti, University of Texas, Austin, Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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- Stability and Change in Relationships
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- 21 October 2009
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- 01 April 2002, pp 370-377
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An economic evaluation of inpatient treatment versus day hospital care for psychiatric patients
- Eamon O'Shea, Jenny Hughes, Lourde Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth Dunne, Mary O'Sullivan, Margaret Cole
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- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 15 / Issue 4 / December 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2014, pp. 127-130
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- December 1998
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Objectives: To provide a methodology for the examination of costs and clinical outcomes in two distinct care settings for psychiatric patients inpatient and day hospitals. The major emphasis is on the relationship between costs and outcomes in the two care regimes.
Method: The study is a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis. People living in Sector B catchment area in the Mid-Western Health Board who were admitted to inpatient care, or treated as day hospital patients, between June 1st 1994 -February 28th 1995 are eligible for inclusion in the study. Information on resource use and clinical outcome is available for 92 of these patients.
Results: The average weekly cost of care for mentally ill patients in the inpatient setting is over twice the level of the cost of care for people attending the day hospital facility. Pay costs and hotel costs are higher in the inpatient facility. Day hospital care is also more cost-effective than inpatient care, when account is taken of the relationship between cost and clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: The study supports the general literature view of the superiority of community care settings for certain categories of mentally ill people. However, the absence of randomisation in the study, incomplete data, and the retrospective nature of the analysis suggests that caution is needed in the interpretation of the results.
Changing the Infection Control Paradigm From Off-Line to Real Time The Experience at Millard Fillmore Health System
- James R. Carr, Paul Fitzpatrick, Joseph L. Izzo, Thomas J. Cumbo, Mary C. Birmingham, Martin H. Adelman, Joseph A. Paladino, Stephen C. Hanson, Jerome J. Schentag
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 18 / Issue 4 / April 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 255-259
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- April 1997
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In 1993, several departments at Millard Fillmore Health System joined efforts to initiate a new approach to infection control. The main emphasis of this program is to move infection control to a real-time mode to manage patient outcomes daily. The principal objective was to decrease the number of nosocomial infections by 10%, with a particular emphasis on surgical-site infections. Besides real-time surveillance, we are critically evaluating several aspects of the management of nosocomial infections.
High-level computer support has been the framework upon which this program was built. We have micro-computers that are linked directly to microbiology, pharmacy, billing, and admissions, downloading data several times daily. An expert software system merges all of the data, and from this we can target patients for real-time interventions. The computer system allows all inpatients to be screened for either infection control or antibiotic management inter ventions on a daily basis, with minimal time being spent on data collection and maximal efforts devoted to inter ventions at the bedside.
Additionally, the infection management program will assist in maintaining the extraordinarily low expenditures on antimicrobial agents. During 1993, the Millard Fillmore Health System spent $924,884 on antibiotics, an amount approximately 50% that of comparably sized hospitals.